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Night blindness

Condition Overview:

Night blindness, also called nyctalopia, is a symptom of several different diseases or conditions. All of the possible causes of night blindness are associated with the way in which the eye receives light rays. Light travels through the cornea and lens and lands on the retina at the back of the eye. The retina is composed of photoreceptors. Photoreceptors are specialized nerve cells which receive light rays and convert them into electrical signals then transmit these signals to the brain, which creates an image.

Several different conditions and diseases can cause night blindness. These include:Cataracts. This condition, characterized by cloudiness of the lens, can cause night blindness. 
Congenital night blindness. This is an inherited, stable disease in which persons suffer from night blindness.Liver conditions. Reduced night vision can be linked to poor liver functioning, due to a variety of conditions, which impairs vitamin A metabolism.Macular degeneration . Degeneration of the macula retinae, a specialized region of the retina, can cause night blindness. 
Retinitis pigmentosa. This is an inherited eye disease in which there is progressive deterioration of the photopigments of the photoreceptors, eventually resulting in blindness. The rods are destroyed early in the course of disease resulting in night blindness. Night blindness in children may be an early indicator of retinitispigmentosa. Vitamin A deficiency. Night blindness is commonly caused by a deficiency in vitamin A, in fact, it is one of the first indicators of vitamin A deficiency.Xerophthalmia. This condition is characterized by dryness of the conjunctiva (the membrane that covers the eyelids and exposed surface of the eye) and cornea, light sensitivity, and night blindness.

 It is caused by vitamin A deficiency. Xerophthalmia rarely occurs in countries with adequate supplies of milk products.Zinc deficiency. Zinc is a mineral that is necessary for vitamin A to improve vision.